From Trinity to Trinity

In her introduction translator, Eiko Otake,mentions the small number of writings of Hayashi's that have seen translation into English, the appearance of From Trinity to Trinity from independent publisher Station Hill Press is a much valued addition. From Trinity to Trinity charts Hayashi's pilgrimage to the Trinity site in New Mexico, the test site of the first atomic bomb on July 16th 1945, which she made at the end of the last millennium. Eiko Otake also gives a description of how her translation came into fruition and her correspondence with Hayashi, recounting her meetings with the author, and gives a biography of Hayashi and an overview of her major works. Hayashi was born in Nagasaki but raised in Japanese occupied Shanghai, her family was the only Japanese family on her block but was treated as an equal, the sense of viewing things as an outsider would inform her writing as a chronicler, she describes herself as being an 'un-Japanese Japanese'. The family returned to Nagasaki when Kyoko was 14, and she worked in a munitions factory, as the family settled on the edge of the city, Kyoko was the only member of her family exposed to the bomb, being a hibakusha she found not only alienated her from society at large but also within her own family. After the war she suffered from radioactive sickness but fled Nagasaki and married a man twenty years her senior, they had a son, a courageous act as cases of second generation radioactive sickness and abnormal births were becoming known. Hayashi began writing chronicling the lives of hibakusha, The Site of Rituals,also known as The Ritual of Death/Matsuri no ba won the Akutagawa Prize in 1975, in 2005 The Complete works of Hayashi Kyoko/Hayashi Kyoko zenshu were published in eight volumes.

Hayashi first travelled to America in 1985 when her son moved there to work, although wanting to visit the Trinity Site for many years it wasn't until 1999 that she could make her pilgrimage, Hayashi refers to the site as the 'hibakusha's birthplace', the site is only open to the public twice a year. Enroute to Los Alamos, Hayashi and her friend stop at the National Atomic Museum where Hayashi not only examines the exhibits but is also conscious of the other visitors to the museum, Hayashi examines her feelings as she takes in the museum, noticing that her feelings of being a hibakusha welled up in her only after a man sitting near to her gets up and leaves. At one end of the museum hangs a portrait of Oppenheimer, who Hayashi reminds us was once celebrated as a national hero, but who also fell from grace. On the wall also hangs the route map that Boxcar took, taking off from Tinian to Nagasaki, then returning to Okinawa. As Hayashi and her friend drive closer to the base Hayashi reflects on the paintings of Georgia O'Keefe who made the Rockies her home, observing the barrenness of the landscape on the road to Los Alamos, Hayashi notes, 'These stones that fell off the cliffs are the dead of the Mesas', nature and observations of the movements of time are a central aspect to Hayashi writings, informing us of the lives of the hibakusha, many episodes experienced in the book which are set in the present tense provoke memories from the past. As they and the other visitors sign into the site and wander in the still radioactive wilderness Hayashi comes face to face with the memorial set in the wilderness, From Trinity to Trinity ends with poetry from Ito Yasuko.

Station Hill Press

       

The Bells of Nagasaki

I first heard of The Bells of Nagasaki/Nagasaki no kane whilst reading John W.Dower's Embracing Defeat,and again recently I was reading through a new book from Iwanami Shoten called Nagasaki Urakami Cathedral 1945-1958 An Atomic Bomb Relic Lost and was reminded of it again. The translator, William Johnston in his excellent and thought provoking introduction depicts the events leading up to the use and decision of using the atomic bombs, through the Potsdam meeting, the Franck Report, to Oppenheimer's feelings of committing a sin. He also mentions Albert Einstein's enthusiasm for exploring the idea of Atomic energy turned and how he wrote to President Roosevelt to persuade him not to use the bomb, although this letter was found unopened on the President's desk shortly after the president's death. Johnston describes the author Takashi Nagai, a doctor of the radiology department of the University of Nagasaki, with his knowledge of radiology and atomic power, his account of the bombing sometimes goes into giving scientific explanations of how the bomb was created, and the of the immense force it unleashed. The book was originally published in 1949, although at first it was banned by the occupying forces, but after protests from friends of the author, the Department of Defence gave permission with the proviso that it appeared with an appendix describing Japanese atrocities in the Philippines. The book begins with eye witness accounts, Chimoto working in the fields, seeing the plane and the small object falling through the sky, a bomb!. Shielding his eyes from the flash, when he looks again the blast is flattening tree's up the side of the mountain like an invisible bulldozer, other's who saw it recall it as 'a huge lantern wrapped in cotton'. Nagai's narrative moves to his own experiences after the blast, he was pinned to the ground by some fallen debris, his first thoughts are of how he will care for the wounded, as the surviving staff and students begin to recover themselves from the initial blast they realize that the dean, (Nagai), was buried alive and they begin to figure out how to reach him, one observes 'it must have been a bomb like the Hiroshima one', Nagai manages to free himself. The narrative briefly moves to Professor Seiki's account, who was knocked unconscious, when he comes around the sky is filled with a grey cloud, the 'sun was a reddish brown disc, it was dark like evening, it was cold'. Surveying the scene, whole departments of the university building had disappeared replaced by a sea of fire, with corpses lying everywhere. Nagai's team begin to collect themselves they start treating the wounded, knowing they faced a huge task, Nagai tells his team they 'must confront with quiet determination', Nagai himself was suffering from a severed artery. Soon though the hospital building catches fire, and the survivors have to be removed to the safety of a nearby hill, a few hours after the explosion black rain began to fall, and as the fires were taking the oxygen from the air, some people began suffering breathing difficulties. In the evening they watched as Urakami Cathedral suddenly burst into flames.

Nagai's narration follows the efforts of his team as they begin to make their rounds, with limited supplies and food they begin administering care to the wounded and dying. Returning to the ruins of the university they see the skeletons of their colleagues 'if only it were a dream'. They establish a base at Fuji-no-o,some distance from the centre and continue to make their rounds to the surrounding villages, tending survivors,one by one though the team begin to succumb to their wounds, and signs of atomic sickness begin to appear, walking back from their rounds Nagai's leg freezes up with pain, although this didn't stop him visiting the wounded 'I knew that if I went I would probably die but, thinking that to offer my life for one unknown person would be a worthwhile sacrifice, I set out on my journey'. On returning his condition worsens and feeling the symptoms of Cheyne-Stokes respiration he fell into a coma, but remarkably he recovers. The last segments of the book are given over to Nagai's scientific observations about the effects of radioactivity and cases of treating atomic sickness, and also his faith,building a hut near the centre of where the bomb struck he continued to study it's effects, he notices the decrease in radioactivity is rapid and disagrees with the theory that it would take seventy five years to clear.Talking with some visitors to his hut some time after he tells them, 'All these human lives, all this material wealth, all this time, all this mobilization of the powers of the human race - if all this had been directed to peace'.

The Man Who Loved Others as Himself

Nagasaki City Peace and Atomic Bomb Museum